Research peptide blog
Research reviews, mechanisms and lab practice. Concrete, and referenced to the literature.
Research peptides explained: how to read a vial label for lab work
What research peptides are, what Research Use Only means and how to read a vial label: mass, lyophilised form, batch, storage and HPLC and MS.
Research overview5-Amino-1MQ and AICAR: NNMT inhibitor and AMPK activator in metabolism research
5-Amino-1MQ inhibits the NNMT enzyme and AICAR activates AMPK kinase. We compare both research reagents, their studied mechanisms and lab handling.
Research overviewAdipotide (FTPP) and CBL-514: compounds in adipose tissue research
Adipotide (FTPP) and CBL-514 in adipose tissue research: molecular targets, preclinical model observations and lyophilized material handling in the lab.
Research overviewARA-290 and B7-33: Erythropoietin and Relaxin Peptides in Receptor Research
ARA-290 (cibinetide) and B7-33 are peptides designed from larger proteins. Compare their receptors, research directions and laboratory handling.
Research overviewBronchogen, Livagen, Pancragen, Chonluten and Cartalax: Khavinson Bioregulators
Bronchogen, Livagen, Pancragen, Chonluten and Cartalax are short Khavinson peptides linked to specific tissues. Research overview and lab handling.
Research overviewCJC-1295 + Ipamorelin and Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin: GHRH blends compared
CJC-1295 + ipamorelin and tesamorelin + ipamorelin compared: GHRH analogue structure, the GHS-R secretagogue role and lab handling of research reagents.
Research overviewCosmetic Peptides in Research: GHK, AHK-Cu, SNAP-8, Matrixyl and PTD-DBM
GHK, AHK-Cu, SNAP-8, Matrixyl and PTD-DBM in skin research: copper carriers, signalling and neurotransmitter peptides. An overview for laboratories.
ComparisonGLOW and KLOW blends: BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu and KPV in research
GLOW and KLOW research blends compared: composition, the role of KPV and the TB-500 (17-23) fragment, plus practical lab handling tips.
Research overviewGlutathione 400, 600 and 1500 mg: redox tripeptide in oxidative stress research
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide studied in oxidative stress research. Covers the GSH and GSSG forms, related enzymes and reagent handling.
Research overviewHGH Fragment 176-191 and AOD-9604: growth hormone fragments in lipolysis research
HGH Fragment 176-191 and AOD-9604 come from the same growth hormone segment. We compare structure, lipolysis research models and lab handling.
Research overviewIGF-1 LR3, MGF and PEG-MGF: IGF-1 Variants in Muscle Tissue Research
IGF-1 LR3, MGF and PEG-MGF are IGF-1 variants studied in muscle tissue research. Compare their structure, in-model mechanisms and the role of PEGylation.
Research overviewKhavinson Bioregulators Part 2: Prostamax, Crystagen, Ovagen, Vesugen and Testagen
Prostamax, Crystagen, Ovagen, Vesugen and Testagen in research: the next Khavinson bioregulators, their target tissues and how to handle them in the lab.
Research overviewKisspeptin-10, gonadorelin, triptorelin and oxytocin: hypothalamic-pituitary peptides
Four hypothalamic-pituitary peptides in research: structure, receptors described in the literature and practical handling of lyophilised peptides.
Research overviewLiraglutide and Dulaglutide: Older GLP-1 Analogues vs Semaglutide and Tirzepatide
Liraglutide and dulaglutide are older GLP-1 analogues. We compare their acylation and Fc fusion, half-life in models and place among newer peptides.
Research overviewMelanotan 1, Melanotan 2 and PT-141: alpha-MSH analogues and MC1R and MC4R receptors
Melanotan 1, Melanotan 2 and PT-141 are alpha-MSH analogues. We compare structure, MC1R, MC3R and MC4R receptors and lab handling.
Research overviewN-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate and epitalon: what end modification changes
N-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate vs epitalon: how N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation change charge, mass and enzyme susceptibility.
Research overviewN-Acetyl Semax and Selank Amidate, Adamax, PE-22-28: why peptide ends are modified
N-acetyl and amidate modifications of Semax and Selank, the Semax + Selank blend, Adamax and PE-22-28. Why peptide ends are changed in lab research.
Research overviewOrexin A, Orexin B and DSIP: peptides for sleep and wakefulness research
Orexin A, Orexin B and DSIP are research reagents for sleep-wake cycle studies. We compare their structure, receptors, research areas and lab handling.
Research overviewPNC-27 and p53: a fusion peptide in HDM-2 research in cell models
PNC-27 pairs a p53 fragment with a membrane-penetrating sequence. Our overview covers membrane HDM-2, in vitro models and lab handling.
Research overviewRetatrutide and tirzepatide with cagrilintide: incretin blends in research
Why research pairs retatrutide and tirzepatide with the amylin analogue cagrilintide, and how to handle a two-component lyophilised blend in the lab.
Research overviewTeriparatide (PTH 1-34) in bone remodeling research: PTH1R receptor and cAMP pathway
Teriparatide, the PTH 1-34 fragment, in bone remodeling research. PTH1R receptor, cAMP signaling, continuous vs pulsed exposure and lyophilized handling.
Research reviewThymosin alpha-1, LL-37 and VIP: peptides in innate and adaptive immunity research
Thymosin alpha-1, LL-37 and VIP compared: structure, in vitro research areas and lab handling of these research peptides.
ComparisonRetatrutide vs tirzepatide vs semaglutide: receptors, structure and research status
Retatrutide, tirzepatide and semaglutide compared on GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors, structure, half-life and research status.
Research overviewNAD+ and SS-31 in Mitochondrial Research: Coenzyme, Cardiolipin and the Respiratory Chain
How NAD+ and SS-31 act in mitochondria: coenzyme role alongside sirtuins, PARP and CD38, cardiolipin binding, and a comparison table of binding points.
Amylin researchAmylin Analogues in Research: Cagrilintide and Eloralintide
Amylin analogues in research: AMY1-3 receptors, calcitonin receptor with RAMPs, cagrilintide, eloralintide, and why they are paired with GLP-1 agonists.
QualityHow to Choose a Reliable Research Peptide Supplier: Checklist for the Lab
Matching CAS numbers and formulas, storage, shipping and red flags. A practical checklist for choosing a research peptide supplier in the UK and EU.
Receptor researchMazdutide and survodutide: GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonists for research
Mazdutide and survodutide target GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. See how the glucagon receptor shapes energy expenditure and liver research models.
QualityHPLC purity 98% vs 99%: what the percentage really tells you
HPLC purity 98% vs 99% explained: peak area, deletion sequences, TFA salt, net peptide content and why mass spectrometry matters for research peptides.
Research guideKhavinson Bioregulators: Short Tissue-Specific Peptides Explained
What Khavinson bioregulators are, how their research developed, a table of 15 peptides with target tissues, and a critical look at the evidence.
Research overviewSelank and Semax: Russian-developed neuropeptides in BDNF and GABA research
Selank and Semax are synthetic neuropeptides developed in Russia. Compare their structure, tuftsin and ACTH(4-10) origins and lab handling.
Research comparisonGHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin and ipamorelin: GH secretagogues compared
GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin and ipamorelin: GHS-R1a receptor, prolactin and cortisol selectivity, and a comparison table for labs.
Research reviewEpitalon and telomerase research: a literature review
Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly): origin in epitalamin, in vitro telomerase research, animal models and the limits of the evidence.
Myostatin pathwayMyostatin Pathway in Research: GDF-8, ACE-031 and Follistatin 344
A research guide to the myostatin pathway: ActRIIB receptor, ACE-031 ligand trap, follistatin 344 and the assays used to measure effects in muscle cells.
Research overviewIpamorelin and CJC-1295: GH secretagogues in research
Ipamorelin, CJC-1295 with and without DAC, and sermorelin compared: GHS-R1a versus GHRH-R, selectivity and structural differences for research labs.
Research overviewSenolytic Peptides in Ageing Research: FOXO4-DRI, Humanin and SS-31
How FOXO4-DRI disrupts the FOXO4 and p53 interaction, what humanin does, and how SS-31 binds mitochondrial membrane lipids. A comparison table for labs.
Research reviewMOTS-c: the mitochondrial peptide in research
MOTS-c, a peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA: discovery in the 12S rRNA region, AMPK signalling, glucose research models and nuclear communication.
NeuropeptidesNeurotrophic Peptides in Research: Dihexa, P21, Cerebrolysin, Semax
Dihexa, P21, cerebrolysin and semax in synaptic plasticity research. HGF/c-Met, CNTF and ACTH-derived models, with a comparison table.
Research reviewSLU-PP-332: an ERR receptor agonist in metabolic research
SLU-PP-332 is a small-molecule ERR receptor agonist, not a peptide. Mitochondrial biogenesis, mouse endurance models and open research questions.
SolventsBacteriostatic water, sterile water or 0.6% acetic acid: which solvent to pick
Bacteriostatic water, sterile water and 0.6% acetic acid compared: composition, lab uses, a comparison table and aseptic handling for research peptides.
Research reviewGHK-Cu: The Copper Peptide in Laboratory Research
What GHK-Cu is, how it forms a complex with Cu2+ ions, and what in vitro studies have observed in extracellular matrix, collagen and elastin models.
ComparisonBPC-157 vs TB-500: structure, research, and lab handling compared
BPC-157 and TB-500 compared on structure, lab-studied mechanisms, stability and reagent handling. Why researchers often combine the two peptides.
Research reviewTB-500 vs thymosin beta-4: what the research actually shows
TB-500 and thymosin beta-4 compared: structure, G-actin binding, cell migration, angiogenesis in models, and Ac-SDKP and LKKTETQ fragments.
Research overviewBPC-157: a review of preclinical research
BPC-157 origin, peptide sequence, stability, animal models and proposed mechanisms. What the research shows and where the evidence ends.
Lab practicePeptide Storage Guide: Lyophilised vs Solution, Temperatures and Stability
How to store research peptides at -80 °C, -20 °C and 2-8 °C, protect them from light and moisture, and limit freeze-thaw cycles.
Lab practiceReconstituting Lyophilised Peptides: Solvents, Technique and Common Errors
How to reconstitute lyophilised research peptides in the lab: sterile water, bacteriostatic water, dilute acetic acid or DMSO, step by step.